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Spanish Articles
 
Dear Language Enthusiast,
 
Greetings from Transparent Language!   As we approach the year 2000 many questions arise around the issues of Y2K, as well as cultural and religious responses to the new millennium. Here at Transparent Language, Inc. we thought this would be a good opportunity for you to look at a contemporary topic and how Latin America is managing it. Included below are some interesting articles dedicated to the Y2K issues in Latin America. Is Brazil ready? What has Costa Rica done to avoid the Y2K bug? How will Y2K affect the economy?

You will also find tips for using SpanishNow! appended to the articles.

Sincerely,
Transparent Language
www.transparent.com


En español:

Entre el optimismo del siglo 21 se encuentra la incertidumbre asociada con el fenómeno del A2K. Centrado en este dilema es el riesgo de que los sistemas de computación fallecerán debido a que los programas no podrán distinguir entre los dos últimos dígitos de los años 1900 y 2000. Esta situación podría causar errores en el cálculo de datos, fallas de los sistemas y paros de la red. Varios países alrededor del mundo han gastado billones de dólares para investigar tales problemas y desarrollar soluciones para corregirlos. Sin embargo, como entusiasta del idioma español y de la cultura latinoamericana, ¿puede ser que Ud. se pregunte qué están haciendo los gobiernos de esta región para dirigirse hacia una solución para el problema A2K? Algunos dirían "Muy poco, muy tarde."

Aquí están algunos ejemplos de países latinoamericanos y sus posiciones hacia el asunto del A2K según un artículo en el periódico estadounidense, New Hampshire Sunday News:

De acuerdo con el coordinador brasileño de A2K, Marcos Osorio, su país está retrasado de 13 a 15 meses detrás de los Estados Unidos en evaluando y reparando los sistemas de computadoras inestables que se encargan de repartir los servicios esenciales como agua, electricidad y la nómina de sueldos públicos. El gobierno de Brasil espera gastar 100 millones de dólares este año para los proyectos de A2K.

Perú se encuentra en una situación aun más precaria que la de Brasil. Con solamente 16% de los problemas potenciales resueltos en los sistemas del sector publico, solamente 9% de las agencias del estado han establecido un plan de contingencia para resolver fallos de computación. Instituciones bancarias manejados por el estado se podrán encontrarse con problemas graves. Si el sector publico no tiene confianza que los bancos sobrevivirán los fallos potenciales del A2K, funcionarios temen que los inversionistas se retiran sus ahorros como medio de precaución. Esta situación sería perjudicial para el sector bancario, nacional e internacional.

Venezuela ha tomado el camino más pragmático para enfrentarse con el A2K. Dirigentes del gobierno ni siquiera se han preocupado de tratar en arreglar muchos de los sistemas de computación, y en su lugar optaron colocar 15,000 mil ingenieros disponibles para el 1 de enero, 2000. Además, la Guardia Nacional y miembros de la Fuerzas Armadas estarán en alerta el día de año nuevo para mantener orden y estabilidad.

Costa Rica ha gastado más de 40 millones de dólares en arreglos A2K y dirigentes del gobierno han confirmado que la mayoría de las agencias gubernamentales han determinado zonas problemáticas y han iniciado sus reparaciones.

Chile, por otra parte, ha tomado pasos significantes en preparación para el A2K. Por ejemplo, el gobierno ha invertido más de 150 millones de dólares para mejorar la calidad de sus sistemas de computación para que conformen con el A2K. Además, de acuerdo a los dirigentes del gobierno, 39% del servicio de electricidad, 58% de telecomunicaciones y 43% de gas natural y petróleo han sido arreglados. Al invertir mas de 800 millones de dólares en proyectos relacionados, el sector privado también ha contribuido a la estabilidad del A2K.

Es importante que los países latinoamericanos se preparen para el problema del A2K debido a la amenaza de un derrumbe económico. Los Estados Unidos ya ha atraído programadores de computadoras e ingenieros de Latinoamérica para trabajar en los problemas asociados con A2K. Los Estados Unidos les ha relajado los requisitos para obtener visas y les ha ofrecido una prima para que vinieran. Si los gobiernos de Latinoamérica no logran en presentar planes sustanciales para A2K, la situación podrá causar pánico entre los inversionistas extranjeros, por ello causando una corredera de capital, lo cual podría enviar a Latinoamérica devuelta en un retroceso económico.
In English:
 
Amidst the optimism of the 21st century is the uncertainty linked to the Y2K phenomena. Centered around this dilemma is the fear that computer systems will crash because programs will not be able to distinguish between the dates of years 1900 and 2000 when they are represented by only the last two digits. This could lead to data miscalculations, system malfunction or network shutdowns. Many countries around the globe have already spent billions of dollars in research and development needed to counteract such problems. However, as enthusiasts of the Spanish language and Latin American culture, you might wonder what the governments of this region are doing to address the Y2K problem. Some would say, "Too little, too late."

Here are some examples of where Latin American countries stand on the issue of Y2K according to an article in the newspaper from the United States, New Hampshire Sunday News.

According to Brazilian Y2K coordinator, Marcos Osorio, his country is lagging 13 to 15 months behind the United States in assessing and repairing unreliable computer systems that are meant to ensure the delivery of essential services like water, electricity and public payroll. The Brazilian government expects to spend 100 million dollars on Y2K projects this year.

Peru finds itself in an even more precarious situation than Brazil. With only 16% of potential problems fixed in the public sector systems, only 9% of state agencies have established contingency plans to deal with computer failures. Banking institutions run by the State could find themselves in serious trouble. If the public sector does not trust that banks will survive potential Y2K crashes, officials are afraid that they will withdraw their savings in advance as a safety measure. This withdrawal would be detrimental to the banking sector, nationally and internationally.

Venezuela has taken the most pragmatic approach in dealing with the Y2K computer bug. Government planners have not even bothered to try and fix many of the computer systems, and instead have opted to put 15,000 thousand engineers on call on January 1, 2000. Furthermore, the National Guard and members of the Armed Forces will be on alert on New Year's Day to maintain order and stability.

Costa Rica has spent more than 40 million dollars in Y2K fixes and government officials have confirmed that most government agencies have determined problem areas and begun to repair them.

Chile, on the other hand, has taken great strides to prepare for Y2K. For instance, the government has invested more than 150 million dollars in upgrading its computer systems in order to be Y2K compliant. Furthermore, according to officials, 39% of electric utilities, 58% of telecommunications and 43% of natural gas and petroleum have been taken care of. The private sector has also contributed to probable Y2K stability by investing more than 800 million dollars in related projects.

It is important that Latin America prepare for the Y2K problem because of the recent threats of economic collapse. Already, the United States has attracted computer programmers and engineers from Latin America to work on the problems in the United States by loosening visa requirements and offering bonuses. If Latin American governments fail to present solid plans for Y2K, then this could cause foreign investors to panic, thereby causing the pullout of capital, which could send Latin America back into an economic recession.
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